Rabindranath Tagore: Universality and TraditionEdited by Patrick Holm Cogan and Lalita Pandit |
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Book Review At last, a mature, sympathetic yet rigorous collection of essays on Rabindranath Tagore. Most collections hitherto have emanated from symposia on Tagore and have taken the form of a ‘celebration’. This can be exhilarating for those who were present at the symposium, but to readers in the cold light of day such ventures can seem like an effort to boost the pride of Tagore’s compatriots or to persuade skeptical outsiders that Tagore really was as great as Bengalis say he was. Well, Tagore was great, but it is never enough merely to keep shouting this out. A much more effective method is to show, as in this volume, that he is worthy of serious intellectual discussion. That means taking on board aspects of his writing, activity and thought that can arouse skepticism or derision, and patiently trying to understand them better so that they can command new respect. In his introduction to the volume, Patrick Colm Hogan boldly admits that ‘at a first glance, Tagore’s commitments appear rather a mess-beautifully expressed, perhaps, but still a mess. He seems to shift continually between opposites, especially between opposites that are linked (not always accurately) with the great colonial dichotomy between East and West… .’ He then proceeds brilliantly to explain and justify these apparent contradictions by defining Tagore as a sahrdaya-someone whom Sanskrit aesthetic theory would have recognized as able to listen ‘with heart’, have empathy, ‘share a great breadth of feeling with a great diversity of persons’. He was thus a universalist who accepted and welcomed diversity, which is why he could appreciate so many different points of view-including those of the colonizers whom at the same time he passionately criticized. A major obstacle to world-wide understanding of Tagore has always been ignorance among non-Bengalis of the Bengali language. At the height of his Nobel Prize induced, globe-trotting fame, this was not felt as such an obstacle, which meant that a lot of nonsense was written about him, especially by his admirers. It appears that neither of the editors of the present volume knows Bengali. Even the Indian co-editor, Lalita, Pandit, in her essay of ‘The psychology and aesthetics of love’ in Gora, says in a note that she used the ‘1910 translation…by the author himself’ (in fact it was translated by W.W. Pearson, assisted by Surendranath Tagore), the 199 translation by Sujit Mukerjee, and the 1961 Hindi translation by Ajneya. But this does not necessarily matter if all such writers recognize the limitations of working on Tagore from the available translations. (Those who know another Indian language are in a stronger position, because the gulf between the original and the translation is often less wide: Lalita Pandit can justifiable write in such aesthetic detail about Gora because Ajneya spoke Bengali fluently, having lived with a Bengali family in Assam in the 1940s, and he translated Gora directly from the Bengali.) Writing about Tagore without Bengali becomes hardest and riskiest when it reaches to the heart of all his endeavours: his poetry and song. Wisely, the editors and most of the contributors avoid this, and even the one who does stray near-Purnima Mehta, I her essay on ‘Childhood loss and mourning reaction in Tagore’s poetry’, just about gets away with is by using Tagore’s own translations in The Crescent Moon (1913) as material for a Freudian discussion of the bereavement rather than for literary criticism as such. To see a full description of this book, search our online database
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| Photograph courtesy of Louise Dell-Bene Stahl © 2001 |
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